{"id":1180,"date":"2023-04-28T11:38:35","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T09:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jclebrun.eu\/blog\/?p=1180"},"modified":"2023-04-29T15:23:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T13:23:55","slug":"cedric-gras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jclebrun.eu\/blog\/2023\/04\/28\/cedric-gras\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9dric Gras"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019\u00e9crivain quadrag\u00e9naire avait re\u00e7u en 2020 le prix Albert Londres pour \u00ab\u00a0Alpinistes de Staline\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, qui restituait formidablement le climat et les objectifs des exp\u00e9ditions sovi\u00e9tiques pendant\u00a0 les ann\u00e9es 1930. Avec leurs \u00e9toiles, les fr\u00e8res Vitali et Evgueni Abalakov, qui non seulement r\u00e9alis\u00e8rent de nombreuses premi\u00e8res dans le Pamir, mais effectu\u00e8rent les relev\u00e9s topographiques d\u2019un massif encore vierge sur les cartes. Une v\u00e9ritable \u00e9pop\u00e9e, motif de fiert\u00e9 au m\u00eame titre que la conqu\u00eate spatiale trois d\u00e9cennies plus tard, dont C\u00e9dric Gras r\u00e9v\u00e9lait au fil d\u2019un bouleversant r\u00e9cit la face tragiquement obscure<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il r\u00e9cidive donc aujourd\u2019hui avec ces \u00ab Alpinistes de Mao<\/strong> \u00bb, non moins \u00e9mouvant, mais peut-\u00eatre plus gla\u00e7ant encore. Si l\u2019alpinisme en URSS avait une histoire, il n\u2019en \u00e9tait rien en Chine. Dans l\u2019Empire du milieu on s\u2019\u00e9levait en effet par la m\u00e9ditation et la sp\u00e9culation intellectuelle, certainement pas en s\u2019attaquant aux parois vertigineuses des montagnes qui bordaient le pays \u00e0 l\u2019ouest. Une mani\u00e8re de paradoxe, alors que c\u2019est dans la partie chinoise de l\u2019Himalaya que se dresse la majorit\u00e9 des sommets de plus de 8000m de la plan\u00e8te. Mais l\u2019alpinisme \u00e9tait avant tout une affaire d\u2019Occidentaux, Anglais, Fran\u00e7ais, Autrichiens, Italiens\u2026 En 1950, Maurice Herzog et Louis Lachenal se hissaient au sommet de l\u2019Annapurna, \u00e0 8091m d\u2019altitude, par l\u2019infernale face sud. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, des \u00eatres humains passaient la barre symbolique des 8000m. \u00ab Annapurna, premier 8000<\/strong> \u00bb, le r\u00e9cit de Maurice Herzog publi\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, se vendit dans le monde \u00e0 plus de vingt millions d\u2019exemplaires. L\u2019exploit des grimpeurs participait au prestige du pays. L\u2019image de Maurice Herzog brandissant le drapeau tricolore attach\u00e9 \u00e0 son piolet reste fix\u00e9e \u00e0 jamais dans les m\u00e9moires. L\u2019ascension des plus hauts sommets \u00e9tait devenue une affaire d\u2019\u00e9tat. La Chine et le nouveau pouvoir communiste en place depuis 1949 ne pouvaient rester plus longtemps en dehors  du jeu.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n

Il \u00e9tait alors tout autant question d\u2019orgueil national que d\u2019affirmation territoriale<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019Annapurna, neufs sommets de plus de 8000m restaient donc \u00e0 gravir, \u00e0 commencer par le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux, l\u2019Everest, \u00e0 8848m. Les Anglais s\u2019en charg\u00e8rent en 1953, apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re tentative de Mallory et Irvine en 1924, au cours de laquelle tous deux p\u00e9rirent, sans qu\u2019on puisse jamais savoir s\u2019il avaient atteint le sommet. Pour les Chinois c\u2019en \u00e9tait trop\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est notre montagne, nous devons la conqu\u00e9rir<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9cr\u00e9ta la direction du parti. Il \u00e9tait alors tout autant question d\u2019orgueil national que d\u2019affirmation territoriale, L\u2019Everest se dresse \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re du N\u00e9pal et du Tibet, que la Chine venait d\u2019annexer\u00a0: \u00ab la conqu\u00eate des \u00e9minences himalayennes fut une affaire de prestige pour les puissances occidentales, elle \u00e9tait un enjeu territorial pour la Chine<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, analyse\u00a0 C\u00e9dric Gras, qui restitue ici de remarquable fa\u00e7on ce qu\u2019on peut consid\u00e9rer comme les pr\u00e9mices de l\u2019alpinisme chinois, \u00a0notamment autour de ses deux grandes figures historiques, Xu Jing et Liu Lianman. Leurs destin\u00e9es se pr\u00e9sentent en effet comme un concentr\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire de la R\u00e9publique populaire, de ses singularit\u00e9s et de ses turbulences. Car il faut savoir que ni l\u2019un ni l\u2019autre n\u2019avaient jamais manifest\u00e9 le moindre int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019alpinisme. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que les autorit\u00e9s de P\u00e9kin les d\u00e9signent pour la riposte\u00a0: pour effectuer la prestigieuse ascension \u00e0 venir, il fallait des camarades exemplaires par leur fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9vouement. Peu importait qu\u2019ils n\u2019eussent auparavant jamais vu de montagnes, il leur appartiendrait d\u2019aller planter le drapeau chinois sur le toit du monde et d\u2019y d\u00e9poser un buste du pr\u00e9sident Mao.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n

Un nouveau et palpitant livre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aid\u00e9s par des alpinistes sovi\u00e9tiques, ils re\u00e7urent une formation acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e, dans des conditions inimaginables, souvent dantesques. Impr\u00e9paration physique, sous-\u00e9quipement, permanents bricolages, lourdeur de l\u2019effectif qui doit les accompagner\u00a0: avec C\u00e9dric Gras l\u2019on d\u00e9couvre un aspect tr\u00e8s singulier, mais douloureusement repr\u00e9sentatif, des terribles politiques \u00e0 marche forc\u00e9e qui jalonn\u00e8rent l\u2019histoire de la Chine populaire, depuis le Grand Bond en avant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la R\u00e9volution culturelle (Xu Jing et Liu Lianman, h\u00e9ros de l\u2019inutile, furent alors tr\u00e8s s\u00e9v\u00e8rement \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9\u00e9duqu\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb). Sans oublier la g\u00e9opolitique, puisqu\u2019il s\u2019agissait aussi d\u2019afficher l\u2019appartenance du Tibet \u00e0 la Chine. Peu importait que le 7 d\u00e9cembre 1953 Edmund Hillary et Tenzing Norgay eussent \u00e9t\u00e9 les premiers \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir l\u2019Everest, l\u2019ascension par la face nord, sur le versant tib\u00e9tain, restait \u00e0 effectuer. Apr\u00e8s une pl\u00e9thore de \u00ab\u00a0reconnaissances\u00a0\u00bb, en fait des tentatives avort\u00e9es, certaines tragiquement, leur \u00e9quipe de grimpeurs vaincrait enfin en 1960 le Qomolangma, nom tib\u00e9tain, donc chinois, de l\u2019Everest syst\u00e9matiquement utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Avec son impressionnante connaissance du sujet et sa finesse extr\u00eame, C\u00e9dric Gras propose ici un nouveau et palpitant livre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Alpinistes de Mao \u00bb, de C\u00e9dric Gras, Stock \u00ab La Bleue \u00bb, 304 pages, 20,90 \u20ac<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
04\/05\/2023 – 1657 – W38<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019\u00e9crivain quadrag\u00e9naire avait re\u00e7u en 2020 le prix Albert Londres pour \u00ab\u00a0Alpinistes de Staline\u00a0\u00bb, qui restituait formidablement le climat et les objectifs des exp\u00e9ditions sovi\u00e9tiques pendant\u00a0 les ann\u00e9es 1930. Avec leurs \u00e9toiles, les fr\u00e8res Vitali et Evgueni Abalakov, qui non seulement r\u00e9alis\u00e8rent de nombreuses premi\u00e8res dans le Pamir, mais effectu\u00e8rent les relev\u00e9s topographiques d\u2019un massif […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e9dric Gras - Blog de Jean-Claude Lebrun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un livre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 mi-chemin de l'himalayisme et de la g\u00e9opolitique : comment la Chine de Mao a invent\u00e9 son propre alpinisme pour affirmer sa mainmise sur le Tibet et sa vocation de grande puissance \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/jclebrun.eu\/blog\/2023\/04\/28\/cedric-gras\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e9dric Gras - 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